Challenges and Necessities

These special activities had in the Magazine Health, the Sport and the Boy, directed by the Dr. José Gregorio Mora, to their main promoter in their function of covering in a specialized way the event, for that which had the forecast and gracefulness of inviting to a group of renowned specialists in the Sciences of the Sport, with the purpose that the athletic meeting to the margin of the competitive results contributes new elements in the potenciar pretense from the scientific point of view - methodological the competitive sport activities in the biggest adult.

They converged this way to the studied invitation, specialists in Physiology of the Exercise, Cineantropometría, Biomechanics, Medicine of the Sport and Methodology of the Sport Training.

In our case, it constituted an experience inigualable the fact of being able to participate in the section corresponding to the Methodology of the Sport Training, when having the possibility to be able to exchange experiences with people of different latitudes and in many occasions of an advanced chronological age, but that psychological and physically they could be considered as adolescents, thanks to the influence that has had on their organisms the systematic practice for many years of sport activities and particularly the Athletics, with truly meritorious yields, keeping in mind the age of these people.

As a result of this fruitful exchange, some restlessness that have arrived to be recognized as the new challenges or necessities of the South American Veteran Athletics from a very personal perception arose.

The precedent for the arrival to this conclusion is framed in several elements, the first one in the fact of having verified that most of the South American veteran athletes, you autoentrenan, not preparing in most of the cases of a methodological guide to drive this important one and complex process appropriately, the second fact comes from the results of the observation of the competitive tournament that although it is certain that is very well conceived in the sense of the participation by categories or groups of ages in both sexes, it is also certain (the competition demonstrated this way it) that inside these same ones the difference as for yield in many occasions becomes extremely marked, for what would not be anything disheveled to the margin of the existent classification to categorize the athletes in correspondence with its yields (registrations or marks), because although in all competition one of the main objectives in obtaining the victory, in this case to the margin of the mentioned purpose the most important thing would be in the participation, given the important contribution that the same one carries out to the biggest adult’s physical and mental health, for that to make it on bases a more equal point would not only favor these people but rather the own competition would acquire a bigger attractiveness when being developed the tests with a bigger yield homogeneity and for ende with a bigger dispute among its participants.

Objectives 1. To present a methodological proposal in two addresses: a) A methodological guide for the conduction of the process of Sport Training (Fundamentally for those South American veteran athletes that you autoentrenan). b) Methodology for the categorization of the atetas veteran agreement South Americans with their yields (Taking like reference to the tests of plane speed in both sexes).

Development The Methodology of the Sport Training, like scientific discipline, derived of the denominated Pedagogy of the Sport, it possesses like study object, the methodological particularities that show during the execution of the process of Sport Preparation, for which establishes laws and principles in a combined way with other sciences or scientific disciplines, which possess a character generalizador as for their application refer, for all the modalities or sports, for their position with their corresponding adaptations taking into account the específicidades of each one of them from the technical point of view - competitive.

The scientific character of this discipline implies that the same one is in a constant evolution in correspondence with the development of the world and in particular with the experienced one for the competitive sport activity.

This position becomes the suitable precedent in fact to carry out the following analysis. The Sport Training, it has been denominated wisely as a formative process of long duration, where to arrive to the obtaining of the maximum yields and results it is necessary to traffic for a road conformed by several years, with the result that he is denominated like Process of Training Perspectivo or Long term, in which are distinguished several stages, as those that the noted specialist Platonov recognizes, 1995 and that next we present.

Stages of the construction of a long term sportsman

* Stage of the initial preparation.

In this stage, the sportsman’s preparation is characterized by the use of numerous and varied methods and means of training, which include, as much the multilateral preparation as the polideportiva, with a marked accent lúdico.

* Stage of the preliminary preparation of base.

In this phase it continues prevailing the multilateral training, with a modest volume of special exercise. Only in the case of the sports of high level coordinativo, the volume of special work can be of certain importance regarding the total volume.

* Stage of special preparation of base.

They continue staying certain levels of general preparation where it begins to prevail the specific work. In this phase the levels technician are perfected - basic of the sport modality toward the one that the sportsman should guide her trajectory. They are used the means that allow to increase the functional potential of the organism thoroughly. For they should be used it high work volumes.

* Stage of realization of the maxima results.

It is based fundamentally on the development of loads of special orientation. The intensity of the work is increased until its maximum values. It is supposed that during this period the best results in their sport life are achieved.

Other authors like Ozolin, 1983; they outline that after the obtaining of the maxima results, the sportsman traffics for a conservation phase or maintenance of these until for the logical increase of the age the decline of its potentialities takes place and for ende the retirement of the competitive sport life.

In both cases we share the exposed approaches.

However the evolution of the Sport like social phenomenon had given place to the appearance of a new manifestation, the competitive activity in the calls people of the third age or the biggest adult, that is to say already the realization of activities physique - sport in this populational group, he doesn’t only have therapeutic ends or of maintenance of the health but rather it is also guided, although with a smaller demand that in the athletes of high yield, toward the performances achievement, for that that for the Methodology of the Sport Training, this becomes a new challenge when having to deepen in the study of a phenomenon that is an atypical point, the transition of a training of high yield, toward the denominated desentrenamiento and the adaptation to new preparation with more longevity to call it somehow but equally in search of yields.

In this sense the Athletics, constitutes a good example, through the realization of its regional tournaments and inclusive to scale World cup for people of more age, where results of high value are appreciated yes they are kept in mind the possibilities from the organic point of view of these people, which have mostly already trafficked for the period of more splendor from the physical point of view - functional, one of the fundamental premises for the achievement of praiseworthy yields.

Anyway the perseverance, value and effort manifested by all these people deserve all our respect, but also the fact of feeling fully identified and at the same time committed with the sport and in particular with everything that that can contribute to their development, places us before the obligation of carrying out a small contribution in the sense of cooperating to the development of this new manifestation, assisting initially some of the most urgent necessities in their main characters, related to the preparation process, at least in South America, taking like reference the approaches for them emitted with relationship to this matter.

In this case the contribution goes toward two fundamental slopes, in the first place toward the presentation of a methodological proposal to carry out the preparation process, mainly for those athletes that you auto entrenan and in second place the categorization of the athletes for levels of yields to participate in the competitions. Methodology

To give execution to the objectives layouts the following methods they will be used: * Analysis of official documental sources: It is used with the purpose of being able to obtain and to interpret all the required information related to the thematic object of investigation in a such way that you can arrive to the realization of generalizations and the position of new conceptions in case these proceed. * Statistical: Used in their descriptive field through the statisticians corresponding to the stocking and to the standard deviation, as well as the intervals or ranges, these last using the method of Zatsiorki, for their construction, based on the ± S (less half arithmetic the standard deviation that is the dispersion grade, in this case of the registrations around the value average), to reach conclusions. The statistical program Stast is used.

Proposal of Orientations of the Training for Veteran Athletes Category: 35 to 39 years. Disciplines: 100, 200 and 400 m planes (F and M). http://www.atletasmaster.com.ar/Metodologia/training.htm